What We Tutor: Ultrasound Physics
Here is an overview of physics ultrasound tutoring subjects that are directly relevant to these registry exams:
- Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI)
- CCI (RCS)
Basic Units, Measurements, Metric System
Sound Waves: Definition
Audible, Ultrasound, Infrasound
Sound Variables: Pressure, Density, Distance
Sound Parameters:
- Frequency, Period, Amplitude, Power,
- Intensity, Wavelength, Propagation Speed
Parameter Relationships, Formulas
Continuous Wave Parameters
Propagation Speed – Various Media
Sound Wave Interference Patterns
Pulsed Wave Parameters:
- Pulse Duration, Pulse Repetition Period, Duty Factor
- Pulse Repetition Frequency, Spatial Pulse Length
Decibels: Positive / Negative
Attenuation of Sound: Definition
- Absorption, Scattering, Reflection
- Decibel Calculations, Coefficient
Impedance
Reflection, Transmission, Incidence
Refraction – Snell’s Law
Range Equation
Transducers – Architecture
- Bandwidth, Quality Factor, Frequencies
Sound Beams Structure, Labels
- Focal Depth, Divergence, Diffraction
Huygen’s Principle
Axial Resolution
Lateral Resolution
Focusing
2D Imaging
Transducer Arrays
Resolution: Contrast, Spatial, Temporal
Imaging Depth, Sector Size, Line Density
Frame Rate
Instrumentation:
- Pulser, Transducer Output, Signal to Noise Ratio, Receiver, Amplification, Compensation, Reject
Harmonics
Displays – Analog, Digital
Image Preprocessing
Image Processing
Hemodynamics
Doppler – PW, CW
Aliasing
Color Maps – Modes
Spectral Analysis
Artifacts – Where / Cause
Quality Assurance, Phantoms
Patient Communication
Bioeffects: Safety, ALARA
